Everything about Stephen Ix totally explained
Pope Stephen IX (c.
1020 -
March 29,
1058) was
Pope from
August 3,
1057 to March 1058.
His baptismal name was
Frederick of Lorraine (
French:
Frédéric de Lorraine), and he was a younger brother of
Godfrey III, Duke of Lower Lorraine, who, as Marquis of
Tuscany (by his marriage with
Beatrice of Bar, widow of
Boniface III of Tuscany), played a prominent part in the politics of the period.
Frederick, who had been raised to the
cardinalate by
Pope Leo IX (1049–54), discharged for some time the function of
papal legate at
Constantinople, and was with Leo IX in his unlucky expedition against the
Normans. He shared the vicissitudes of his brother's fortunes, and at one time had to take refuge from Emperor
Henry II (1002–24) in
Monte Cassino. Five days after the death of
Pope Victor II (who had made him cardinal-priest and abbot of Monte Cassino) he was chosen to succeed him as Pope Stephen IX . He showed great zeal in enforcing the policies of the
Gregorian Reform as to clerical
celibacy, and was planning large schemes for the expulsion of the Normans from Italy, and the elevation of his brother to the imperial throne, when he was seized by a severe illness, from which he only partially and temporarily recovered. Stephen IX died at
Florence March 29, 1058, and is considered by the current-day Roman Catholic Church to have been succeeded by
Pope Nicholas II (1059–61), though others consider his successor to be
Pope Benedict X (1058–59), officially regarded as an
antipope.
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